由茱莉亚Luckenbill
其实3岁以下的小宝宝远比我们想象的更具有同理心,尽管他们脾气急躁,还没有学会分享,他们依然能学着拥有同理心,相信每个家长都希望自己的宝宝有理解他人的能力,富有同情心,会换位思考,能够与他人良好沟通,但是同理心的培养需要家长在日常生活中的长期引导和帮助。下面这十个的推荐方法,可以帮助父母培养宝宝的同理心。
1。身教最重要:不论是对宝宝还是对其他的人,必须尊重对方,充满爱的心,保持耐心。宝宝看到家长这样待人接物的方式,父母的身教,宝宝们就会模仿,模仿你说“请”,“谢谢”,模仿家长温柔平静的声音,干净整洁的生活方式,学着帮助他人,学会分享。
“谢谢你给我的麦片,你要不要加点我的葡萄干呢?”
2。善用绘本或视频媒体:给宝宝亲子阅读时选择反映情绪和积极社交理念的绘本,并且对绘本中的内容进行讨论;宝宝看动画片的时候,陪伴他们一起看,阅读的过程中主动与宝宝讨论绘本或者动画片中的人物是如何应对各种状况以及如何处理情绪的,尤其是当动画片中的人物的出现违背正常社交原则的行为时候,要及时和宝宝分享正确的行为。比如:
“当贝贝不让小宇玩自己的球的时候,小宇会有什么样的感受呢?”,“如果她们可以轮流玩,你觉得小宇的感觉会好些吗?”
3. The utilization of dolls or refers to accidentally: when the baby is affected by negative emotions, they also can't fully understand what are these feelings, also do not have the ability to deal with these emotions, parents can use this time baby dolls to help adjust their inner feelings and control mood changes:
玩偶说“我不想洗澡!”;父母可以对着玩偶说“你看起来很生的气,你不喜欢洗的澡,我们来想想有什么办法可以让洗澡更有趣呢?”
4. The expression problem, help others: when some babies are depressed do not happy, you need help, what parents in speech and action demonstration is full of empathy behavior, tell the baby what are now facing problems and needs and provide practical help for others.
“那个小男孩从滑梯上摔下来了,我们过去看看他怎么样,有没有受的伤吗?”,“他爸爸把他抱起来了,现在他感觉好些,已经不哭了”,“我们去看看他需不需要创口贴呢!”。
5. Learn to gently stroked the little pets and other children and adults: teach the baby gently stroked the little animals, especially the church put more stiff baby light with light, walk around other children, slowly and don't push the buzzing.Parents can still use a doll to do demonstration:
"Baby, stop!You like pulling the small rabbit rabbit rabbit hair, it is very painful, will cry, you should gently stroked it, like I demonstrate (gently), "if the baby do it gently stroked, parents must encourage in time," yes, that's so gently, that rabbit rabbit will feel better!".
6. Solve the problem: if the baby has done bad behavior and caused some adverse consequences, so parents need to give the baby to provide good advice, (don't blame) but the baby how to do the right thing.Alert the baby to a third party the expression of feelings and behavior, let the baby know what happened.
“你很生气吧?但是你咬他,他会很疼,你看到他的流眼泪了吗?”,“我们来帮他拿冰毛巾敷一敷吧!”。“下次如果他抢你的玩具,你可以告诉他,“这是我的!(但不可以咬小朋友)”。
7. Patience to repeat the church processing method: face have conflicts, parents should keep calm, and embrace the child's emotional change, provide the solution, and the baby has been able to accompany in side, if to repeat the same situation, as far as possible each time uniform and consistent method is used to teach the baby how to correctly handle, at the same time to patiently repeat correct method.When two baby to scramble for toys, need adult intervention, parents picked up this toy, just happened (kindly) statement of facts and the feeling of the babies and parents to give the baby a solution at the same time, and the solution are the two babies are willing to accept.
8。帮助宝宝识别善意的举动:“宝宝,他很喜欢你送给他的花,你看他都笑了”,“他把球给你玩是一种非常友好的行为”。父母要帮助宝宝识别社交行为上的一些错误,比如说“他刚刚推你了,这不对;可能小宇想和你一起玩球,但是他还不知道怎么跟你说,下次他应该不推你而是绕过去和你一起玩球”。当然当父母自己有了错误的行为时候,一定要及时用正确的语言和示范行动告诉宝宝”我刚刚推着你的婴儿车,不小心碰到了前面的人,我很抱歉!”
9. Let the baby learn to do housework, parents can do cookies, with baby toys away, together with the gift wrap and so on, to tell the baby together cooperation with each other, help each other, two people working together can do more for the cookies, give the room more clean, also can try to ask the baby when others receive our packing gift together, they would be feeling?
“今天的沙拉很好吃,谢谢你帮我一起撕生菜”。“我想妹妹一定会喜欢这只小兔兔,你愿意把你不玩的玩具送给别人,真棒!”
10. Accompany and guide: when the baby can't use language to express his complex emotions, they need their parents in the side and help them.Under 3 years old baby to have mixed feelings, will make mistakes, and have self awareness, can express their autonomy, but also unable to control his impulses, parents should allow the baby to try, to make a mistake.To respect the baby at the same time, when the baby infected by negative emotions, they need some time to calm down, to go with you to express and communicate these emotions.
Parents should remember that every child is in The study of Social skills has its own rhythm, "Early" Social and Emotional Learning research Center (The Center on The Social and that Foundations of Early Learning) advice: if The baby can't swim can't dance, so we need to teach him;But when the baby's misconduct, we need to set up the correct rules, to ensure that language and behavior model, the church baby who they also not social skills, so that we can promote each person since childhood better communication with others.
For more information on this topic, see's://www.sosautoparts.com/yc/files/yc/file/201407/YC0714_Rocking_and_Rolling.pdf
茱莉亚Luckenbill,硕士是一个儿童发展示范讲师孩子和家庭研究中心实验室学院加州大学戴维斯。她的兴趣包括新兴课程,与幼儿农业,摄影,和探索世界和她的女儿。